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β-nicotinamide mononucleotide is a precursor substance of NAD+, the cofactor of longevity proteins in the human body. NAD+ is an important coenzyme in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, promoting the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and amino acids, and participating in energy synthesis; NAD+ is also the only substrate for NAD-consuming enzymes (the only substrate for DNA repair enzyme PARP, the only substrate for longevity protein Sirtuins, and the only substrate for cyclic ADP-ribose synthase CD38/157). NAD+ is involved in all aspects of human metabolism and is a key coenzyme. Without NAD+, metabolism cannot proceed normally. Elderly people lack NAD+, so various minor and major health problems arise. By additionally supplementing NAD+, comprehensive anti-aging can be achieved. Preclinical studies have shown that NMN has various pharmacological activities in cardiac and cerebral ischemia, Alzheimer's disease, diet and age-induced type 2 diabetes, and obesity. As a precursor drug of NAD+, NMN exerts its pharmacological effects mainly by synthesizing NAD+ in the body, all of which are related to the deficiency of NAD+.